2009-11-09

One Space vs Two Spaces


In junior high school, we were taught to add two blank spaces after every period in typewriting class. This was primarily due to the fact that typewriters had monospaced typefaces. Using two spaces made it easy to see the end of a sentence. For example:


Monospace font (Courier) with two spaces after the period:
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Morbi non ante sit amet purus facilisis imperdiet. Sed varius ante ut mauris iaculis et venenatis sapien condimentum. Phasellus ultricies, felis et mattis vulputate, erat felis feugiat libero, vitae interdum risus elit vel nisi.
However, since the mid-nineties, I haven't used a typewriter. Using a computer and word processing software, we can choose to use proportionally spaced fonts. Using proportionally spaced fonts, there is not need to add the extra blank space after the period. For example:

Proportionally spaced font (Times) with one space after the period:
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Morbi non ante sit amet purus facilisis imperdiet. Sed varius ante ut mauris iaculis et venenatis sapien condimentum. Phasellus ultricies, felis et mattis vulputate, erat felis feugiat libero, vitae interdum risus elit vel nisi.
Basically, I feel that adding the extra space is non-standard in the 21st Century. It is a waste of effort and over the long run, a waste of paper for exceptionally long documents. Finally, it is distracting. A good writer doesn't want to have anything distract his or her readers from the writing. So, in a nutshell, just add one space after each period. At ANMI Eikaiwa, we basically advise our students to use one space.

Jacci howard Bear at About.com1 wrote on this topic and offers some excellent justifications for one space after the period. My favorite style manual, The Chicago Manual of Style,2 also offers some reasons for the single space.

1. Use One Space Between Sentences; Desktop Publishing Rules on Spacing After Punctuation by Jacci Howard Bear, About.com
http://desktoppub.about.com/cs/typespacing/a/onetwospaces.htm
2. The Chicago Manual of Style Online, 15th Edition
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/CMS_FAQ/OneSpaceorTwo/OneSpaceorTwo03.html

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アンミ英会話教室
234-0053神奈川県横浜市港南区日野中央2-6-3
パークサイド日野102号
http://www.anmi-eikaiwa.com/ | support@anmi-eikaiwa.com
Tel. 045-841-4218 | Fax 045-841-4288
携帯リンク http://www.anmiweb.com/mobile/

2009-09-08

Anxious -vs- Worry

Image: FreeDigitalPhotos.net


What's the difference between “anxious” and “worry”?

In one of today's classes, a student had written the following sentence as a part of her writing assignment:

“She is very anxious about her students.”

Technically speaking, there is nothing wrong with this sentence. The word “anxious” is defined as:
Uneasy and apprehensive about an uncertain event or matter; worried.
However, the Usage Panel of the The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language noted that
“ . . . general adoption of anxious to mean “eager” is understandable, at least in colloquial discourse, since it provides a means of adding emotional urgency to an assertion.”
Based on the context of the writing assignment, it wasn't very clear if the “teacher” was “worried” or “eager” about her students.

So, I suggested that our student use “worry” instead of “anxious.” What do you think? If you go to 英辞郎 on the Web (http://www.alc.co.jp/index.html), you can find hundreds more of good examples that cover both nuances of the word anxious.

If you have any questions or comments regarding today's topic, leave comment on this blog (see at the bottom), leave a comment on Facebook, send me a tweet, or just ask me in class!
Facebook: http://tinyurl.com/facebook-anmieikaiwa
Twitter: http://twitter.com/anmieikaiwa
Website: http://www.anmi-eikaiwa.com
Mobile: http://www.anmiweb.com/mobile/
Additional notes:

anxious1: 心配、不安 (worry, concern, etc.)

English: I am anxious about my future.
日本語: 私の将来に不安を感じる。

English: She is anxious about my health.
日本語: 彼女は僕の健康を心配しています。

anxious2: 心から願っている、切望している (eager, anticipate, etc.)

English: He is anxious to see you.
日本語: 彼はあなたにとても会いたがっています。

English: With anxious expectation I always look forward to the summers in Tokyo.
日本語: 私はいつも東京の夏をワクワクしながら待っています。

References:

翻訳会社グローヴァの翻訳サービス

Disclaimer

This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. For more information, go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml.
If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purpose of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner.


アンミ英会話教室
234-0053神奈川県横浜市港南区日野中央2-6-3
パークサイド日野102号
http://www.anmi-eikaiwa.com/ | support@anmi-eikaiwa.com
Tel. 045-841-4218 | Fax 045-841-4288
携帯リンク http://www.anmiweb.com/mobile/

2009-09-05

Happy Birthday!

誕生日メッセージ

Two of my brothers who are twins will have a birthday on September 4th (today in the States). I can't believe that they will be 41 years old! So, today's topic will be about how to tell someone “Happy Birthday” in English with your non-Japanese friends!

In Japanese, I think most people just simply say, 「お誕生日おめでとう!」. In English, we have numerous ways to express a birthday greeting.

みいちゃんママ(妹尾佳江) has some good suggestions with a Japanese translation:

- http://www1.tmtv.ne.jp/~mie/hp/birthday.html

Birthday Messges.com has a good page of many different messages that you can use for just the right person and situation:

- http://www.birthdaymessages.com/

(If you visit Birthday Messages.com, be sure to use a Firefox or Chrome browser. This site is free to access, so consequently, they use pop-up advertisements.)

Some of the very basic messages I have used in the past including the following:

1. Have a happy birthday!
2. It's your birthday! Have a happy day!
3. Birthday wishes especially for you!
4. Hope you have a wonderful birthday!
5. Best wishes for you on your birthday!
6. Happy birthday and wishes for many more!
7. Hope all your birthday wishes come true!
8. Here's to another year! Happy birthday!
9. Here's wishing you have a wonderful birthday!
10. Happy birthday and many happy returns!
11. Congratulations on another year! Happy birthday”
12. Here's to many more happy years!
13. Wishing you a very special day on your birthday!

Here are some more birthday messages that you can use for SMS:

1. happy b-day 2 u!
2. hope u have a happy b-day!
3. happy b-day 2 u!
4. happybirthday2uuuu!

Do you know of any other birthday messages? Do you want to try to make your own? Please let me know via Facebook, Twitter, email, leave a comment below, or ask me in class!

Disclaimer

This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. For more information, go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml.
If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purpose of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner.



アンミ英会話教室
234-0053神奈川県横浜市港南区日野中央2-6-3
パークサイド日野102号
http://www.anmi-eikaiwa.com/ | support@anmi-eikaiwa.com
Tel. 045-841-4218 | Fax 045-841-4288
携帯リンク http://www.anmiweb.com/mobile/